3-MMA

While 3-MMA in drink water is know to cause various cardiovascular disease in human, exact mechanism still remain elusive. Recentl, trivalent-methylate arsenical. the metabolite of inorganic arsenic. were show to have higher cytotoxic potential than inorganic arsenic. To study the role of these metabolites in arsenic-induced cardiovascular diseases, we investigated the effect of monomethylarsonous acid 3-MMA, a major trivalent-methylated arsenical, on vasomotor tone of blood vessels. In isolated rat thoracic aorta and small mesenteric arteries, MMA III irreversibly suppressed normal vasoconstriction induced by three distinct agonists of phenylephrine (PE), serotonin and endothelin.

MMA III did not affect downstream process of Ca2+, as shown in permeabilized arterial strips. In in vivo rat model, MMA III attenuated PE-induced blood pressure increase indeed, supporting the clinical relevance of these in vitro findings. In conclusion, MMA III-induced smooth muscle dysfunction through disturbance of Ca2+ regulation, which results in impaired vasoconstriction and aberrant blood pressure change. This study will provide a new insight into the role of trivalent-methylated arsenicals in arsenic-associated cardiovascular diseases.

3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine (MMA) is an entactogen and psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes. It was first synthesize in 1970 and was encountere as a street drug in Italy in the same decade. MMA was large forgotte unti being reassaye by David E.

In animal studies, MMA fully substitutes for MDMA and MBDB, partially substitutes for LSD, and does not substitute for amphetamine. Additionall, it has been show to potently inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and does not produce serotonergic neurotoxicity in rodent.

These data appear to confer a profile of MMA as a selective serotonin releasing agent receptor agonist.

 According to SwissTargetPrediction, MMA may have an affinity for. the receptor as well as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine transporters.

At high doses, such as 120 mg, the effects are psychedelic (comparable to DOM)